Overweight and obese youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes share similar elevation in triglycerides during middle and late adolescence

BackgroundOverweight and obesity have been observed in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This further increases their future risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) as well as the development of other risk factors, such as dyslipidemia.AimsTo compare lipid profiles in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and lean mass (T1L), Type 1 diabetes and overweight or obese (T1OW/OB), and type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 669 patients with T1D or T2D aged 2–19 years using retrospective data collected from 2003 to 2014. Included patients were categorized into lean (BMI < 85th ile and overweight or Obese (BMI ≥ 85th ile). Patients were subcategorized into three age groups: < 10 years, 10–14 years, and 15–19 years.Results7.6% of patients had T2D. Of the patients with T1D, 58.9% were lean, 26.4% were overweight, and 14.7% were obese. Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Non-HDL-C levels were similar across groups. In the 15–19 years group, Triglycerides (TG) levels were significantly higher in T1OW/OB and similar to T2D. High-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in T2D. Weight status significantly correlated with TG and HDL-C levels in T1D and T2D groups.ConclusionsT1OW/OB constitutes a significant proportion of the T1D population. Patients with obesity and T1D, especially if in their late adolescence, have an adverse lipid profile pattern that is comparable to adolescents with T2D. Based on these findings, risk for future CVD in T1OW/OB and T2D may be equivalent.     

Implementation of a nurse-led family centered engagement intervention for caregivers of extremely premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

ObjectiveThe objective of this feasibility study was to examine the implementation and usefulness of an intervention for extremely premature infant (EPI) caregivers.ResultsOne caregiver and five nurses provided feedback with a mean score of 4.4 out of 5 pertaining to helpfulness.ConclusionsImplementation of the Caregiver's Guide was feasible and was positively received by NICU nurses and caregivers. We recommend implementing a revised version of this tool based on nurse and caregiver feedback. The delivery of education should be divided between dayshift and nightshift nurses so that one nurse is not responsible for providing all the information. The education should be categorized by gestational age and day of life and only given when it is pertinent to the care of the child. A section should be added to include a quick reference guide for the medical jargon used in the NICU.     

医防协同,推动社区老年人常见感染性疾病疫苗应用

感染性疾病对老年人危害严重,接种疫苗是预防感染的有效手段。但我国常见感染性疾病疫苗的整体接种率偏低,基层医务人员及居民对疫苗接种的认知存在不足。《社区老年人常见感染性疾病疫苗应用专家共识》针对流感疫苗、肺炎球菌疫苗和带状疱疹疫苗3种常见疫苗的接种给予了详细的指导,旨在提高基层医务人员对老年人群疫苗接种的重视程度,加强其对公众的疫苗接种宣传教育,医防协同,共同助力提高老年人群健康水平。